Caliph Umar (Omar) conquered the Land of Israel in 638 and the Dome of the Rock was constructed on the Temple Mount in approximately 685. In the first century after the Arab conquest, the community in the land was primarily Jewish and Christian. In 995, a Jewish governor was appointed to rule over Damascus, Aleppo, Tyre, Sidon, Jerusalem and Ramleh.

1. 624, Jericho
2. 629 Jizyah: Tax Paid by Non-Muslims
3. 638 Remnants of Ancient Jewish Communities
4. 632 Temple Mount
5. 632 Quran/ Koran
6. May 638 Caliph Umar (Omar)
7. 638 C.E. Arabs Conquer “Palestine” – Koran
8. 638 C.E Arabs Conquer “Palestine” – Arabic Literature
9. 638 – 750 Islam Says No to Jewish Homeland and State of Israel
10. 640 – 740 First century after the Arab conquest
11. 670 The Temple Mount
12. 670 Pilgrim of Bishop Arculf
13. 675 The Yellow–Stripe for All Non-Muslims
14. 680 The Temple Mount
15. 692 Dome of the Rock: Drawing by Ali Bey – 1750
16. 692 Islamic Anti Christian Inscriptions
17. 634 – 1099 Chronicle – Cairo Geniza 
18. January 16th, 748 Earthquake
19. 985 Jews in Jerusalem
20. 995 A Jewish governor, appointed by the Vizer
21. 999 Compelled Jews to Wear Chain and Image of Calf/Christians