The Parthenon, Athenian Acropolis, 5th century BCE by hadassah | Nov 24, 2015 | Hellenism and Hellenistic Trends in Judaism The Parthenon was a temple on the Athenian Acropolis in Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BCE when the Athenian Empire was at its peak and was completed in 438 BCE.