Clifford’s Tower, York

Clifford’s Tower, York     At the foot of Clifford’s Tower a plaque marks the darkest chapter in the history of York’s Jewish community. On March 16th, 1190 a wave of anti-Semitic riots culminated in the massacre of an estimated 150 Jews – the entire Jewish...

Jews and the Crusades

Jews and the Crusades   The Crusades were never called against Jews; they were called against Muslims. There was a group of Crusaders for whom the unstable combination implodes. Prof. Robert Chazan, New York University What do you want to know? Ask our AI widget...

Popular Violence

Popular Violence   The attacks of 1096 represent something a turning point in the history of anti- Jewish persecution. Whereas the instances of Jewish suffering in antiquity all stem from the actions of duly empowered governments—like those of Babylonia, Seleucid...