King James I of Aragon, 1239 Charter

 

Let all people know that We, James, by the grace of God King of Aragon, Murcia and Valencia, Count of Barcelona and Urgell and Lord of Montpellier, acting for ourselves and all our successors, give and grant forever to you, our faithful Jews who reside and settle in Valencia and its territory, both those who are there now and all others who shall come to settle and reside there, all the customs and laws possessed by the Jews of Zaragoza.

First, when a Jew has a dispute with another Jew, you shall conduct the proceedings before Jewish judges according to your law. No monetary penalty shall be imposed upon you or your people by us or by any other person, except in a case involving homicide, for which we retain the right to impose a penalty. You shall always judge other offenses according to your own law.

Likewise, a Christian shall not be able to prove any accusation against you unless he produces both a Christian witness and a Jewish witness.

Likewise, if a Jew must swear an oath to a Christian, he shall swear upon the Law of Moses.

If a Jew brings a claim against a Christian, the Jew shall receive justice before the Christian authorities. If a Christian brings a claim against a Jew, the Christian shall receive justice before the Jewish authorities. If he encounters a denial or delay of justice there, the Jew shall then answer before the Christian authorities.

If any Jew is detained by the Christian authorities, he shall be released from confinement from Friday afternoon until the following Monday, provided that he gives security that he will return to custody. No Jew shall be required to answer a complainant on the Sabbath or on Jewish holy days.

Finally, we receive all of you, collectively and individually, together with your property, under our protection, guardianship and authority. We grant you our special safe-conduct wherever you may travel, remain or return throughout every part of our kingdoms and dominions, both on land and at sea. No person shall dare to burden you or your property in any place or to attack, seize or detain you or your possessions, except on account of your own debt or offense.

We command all our subjects, present and future, to observe all these provisions for you and to ensure that they are observed. They shall uphold and protect you and all your possessions from every injury and burden, defending them against all people as though they were our own. Whoever acts contrary to this charter shall know that he will incur our anger and a penalty of one thousand morabetins.

Given at Valencia on the day before the Nones of March, in the Era 1277 [6 March 1239].

Sign of James, by the grace of God King of Aragon, Murcia and Valencia, Count of Barcelona and Urgell and Lord of Montpellier.

The witnesses to this act are Ximeno de Urrea, Raymond de Liçana, Pedro Fernández de Azagra, Guillem de Aguiló and Arnau de Gual.

Sign of Guillem the scribe, who, at the command of the lord king and on behalf of Lord Berenguer, Bishop of Barcelona and his chancellor, caused this charter to be written at the place, on the day and in the era stated above.

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