Jewish Seals in France, 1206-1219 Royal Decree

 

A newly issued ordinance concerning the Jews. To all bailiffs appointed throughout France and Normandy, we order and command that you select two trustworthy men from each town. Under oath, these men shall faithfully guard the seal of the Jews.

With the agreement of both parties, they shall use this seal to authenticate contracts for loans of sixty sous or more made between Christians and Jews. The sworn custodians shall retain copies of these agreements for our use.

The terms of the agreement shall be as follows. If a Christian doesn’t repay his debt to a Jew by the first payment date stated in the charter, then after that date has passed, the Christian shall pay the Jew two deniers each week for every pound owed. This interest may continue for no longer than one year.

If the Christian doesn’t wish to retain the debt for that length of time and the Jew refuses to release him, the Jew may still demand no interest from the Christian beyond that year. No debt may continue to accrue interest for more than one year.

We further will and command that, in proving debts owed by Jews to Christians or by Christians to Jews, neither Christian nor Jewish witnesses shall be admitted except according to the rules established in former times and the customary manner in which witnesses have been admitted in such cases.

We command each and every one of you that, whenever the Jews request your assistance, you shall cause their debts to be repaid lawfully and without any delay within your jurisdictions. You shall do this so that we hear no further complaint concerning the matter.

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