Unknown Spanish illuminator, with Michael Lupi de Çandiu as scribe, Initial E: A Man Receiving a Purse from a Jew in Exchange for a Goblet, from the Vidal Mayor, c. 1290–1310. The image shows a pledge-based exchange, with money given in return for a valuable object. Such scenes reflect the role some Jews played in medieval credit and pawnbroking, while also showing how Christian visual culture associated Jews with money in ways that could reinforce anti-Jewish stereotypes. Tempera colors, gold leaf and ink. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, Ms. Ludwig XIV 6, fol. 114, 83.MQ.165.114.