Jewish Courts, England, 1201 Royal Charter to Jews of England
John, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine and count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, sheriffs and all his faithful subjects, greeting.
Know that we have granted and confirmed by this present charter to our Jews in England that offenses arising among them shall be heard according to their own law. They shall correct such offenses and administer justice among themselves.
This grant doesn’t include matters belonging to our Crown and royal jurisdiction, such as homicide, maiming, premeditated assault, housebreaking, rape, theft, arson and treasure trove.
We also grant that if one Jew brings a complaint against another in a matter belonging to their jurisdiction, we shall compel no one to testify for either party against the other. If the complainant can produce a lawful and suitable witness, he shall bring that witness with him.
If an open and serious crime occurs among the Jews that belongs to our Crown or royal jurisdiction, including one of the pleas of the Crown listed above, we shall have the complaint investigated by trustworthy Jews of England. We shall do so even if none of them has come forward as an accuser, in accordance with the charter of King Henry, our father.
Given at Marlborough on April 10, in the second year of our reign.
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