The Roman Catholic Church—Policies—Protection

1. Introduction
   1. Protection
2. Images
   1. Pope Alexander II
   2. Bernard of Clairvaux Preaching the Second Crusade
   3. Pope Gregory IX
3. Primary Texts
   1. Pope Alexander II, 1060’s Papal Document
   2. Bernard of Clairvaux, 1146 Ecclesiastical Letter
   3. Pope Gregory IX, 1236 Papal Document
   4. Pope Innocent IV, 1247 Papal Document
   5. Pope Innocent IV, 1247 Papal Document
   6. Pope Gregory IX, 1233 Papal Document
   7. Pope Innocent IV, 1247 Papal Document
   8. Pope Clement VI, 1348 Papal Document
4. Secondary Literature
   1. S. W. Baron, A Social and Religious History of the Jews (2nd ed.; 18 vols.; New York- Columbia University Press, 1952-83), 11-22-55
   2. S. Simonsohn, The Apostolic See and the Jews- History, 39-58
   3. R. Chazan, European Jewry and the First Crusade (Berkeley- University of California Press, 1987), 169-179
   4. R. Chazan, The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom (Cambridge- Cambridge University Press, 2006), 44-51
5. Videos
   1. What was the attitude of the Church towards the Jews? Prof. Robert Chazan. Produced by Down Low Pictures for COJS.
   2. How did the Church protect the Jews during the Crusades? Prof. Robert Chazan.