Communal Organization: Taxation, Discipline and Courts

1. Introduction
   1. Introduction- Communal Organization
2. Images
   1. Reaffirmation of the autonomy of the Jewish community of Speyer, 1333
   2. Seal-stamp for unleavened bread, 14 th century Catalonia
   3. Seal of the Jewish community of Regensburg, 1356
3. Primary Texts
   1. Communal Taxes, Early-Eleventh-Century Responsum
   2. Communal Taxes in of Italy, 1416-18 Communal Ordinance
   3. Communal Taxes in Castile, 1432 Communal Ordinance
   4. Communal Discipline, Responsum of Rashi
   5. Communal Discipline, 1170 Ordinance of R. Jacob Tam
   6. Jewish Courts, England, 1201 Royal Charter to Jews of England
   7. Jewish Courts, Castile, 1432 Communal Ordinance
   8. Sumptuary Laws, Italy, 1416-1418 Communal Ordinance
   9. Sumptuary Laws, Castile, 1432 Communal Ordinance
4. Secondary Literature
   1. S. W. Baron, The Jewish Community- Its History and Structure to the American Revolution (3 vols.; Philadelphia- Jewish Publication Society, 1942), 1-208-282.
   2. Y. Baer, “The Origins of Jewish Communal Organization in the Middle Ages,” Binah 1(1989)- 59-82.
   3. R. Chazan, “Medieval Jewish Political Institutions- The Foundations of Their Authority,” in The Quest for Utopia- Jewish Political Ideas and Institutions through the Ages, ed. Zvi Gitelman (Armonk, 1992), 67-79.
   4. Y. Assis, The Golden Age of Aragonese Jewry- Community and Society in the Crown of Aragon, 1213-1327 (London- The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1997), 67-196.
   5. J. Katz, “Rabbinical Authority and Authorization in the Middle Ages,” in Studies in Medieval Jewish History and Literature 1 (1979)- 41-56.
5. Videos
   1. What were the responsibilities of the Jewish community organizations? Prof. Robert Chazan.